Charles e



0. E. SGRIBNER. ELECTRIC ARC LAMP.

(No Model.)

No. 543,900. Patented Aug. 6, 1895.

L J I 7171676507;

(Yip/r505 7215mm.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CHARLES E. SCRIBNER, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR TO THE WESTERN ELECTRIC COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

ELECTRIC-ARC LAMP.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 543,900, dated August 6, 1895.

Application filed March 12, 1891- Serial No. 384,762. (No model.)

To aZZ whom it may concern: opened and an arc is formed and persists be- Be it known that 1, CHARLES E. SORIBNER, tween the carbons of that lamp, but the armaa citizen of the United States, residing at Chiture of the second lamp remains unintluenced cago, in the county of Cook and State of Illiand its carbons remain short-circuited. At

nois, have invented a certain new and useful any desired time, as when the carbons of the Improvement in Electric-Arc Lamps, (Case first lamp are nearly consumed, the direction No. 257,) of which the following isafull, clear, of the current through the pair is reversed. concise, and exact description, reference be- The electromagnet of the second lamp now ing had to the accompanying drawings, fornnacts upon its polarized armature and removes 1o ing a part of this specification. the short circuit from around its carbons,

My invention relates to electric-arc lamps. while the are at the first lamp becomes short- Its object is to provide a lamp which shall circuited. I connect any number of pairs of fail to operate when the current is in other lamps so arranged up to the limit of the cathan a predetermined direction, and to propacity of the source of current'in seriesin the i5 vide means whereby two are lamps placed in same circuit. The currentisfirstsent through series in an electric circuit may be caused to the circuit in one direction, when the lamps burn successively. To accomplish the first divide themselves into two groups, one group of these results I provide, included. in the in which the magnetic relations of the electromain circuit of the lamp or in a branch cirmagnets to their polarized armatures is such 20 cuit therefrom, an electromagnet having a that the armatures will be attracted and the permanently polarized armature normally short circuits removed from around the arcs, held away from the poles of the electromagthe other group in which the magnetic relanet,'bnt adapted to be attracted thereto, and tions of the electromagnets to their polarized in connection with the polarized armature a armatures is such that the armatures shall 25 contact which, when the armature is in its not be attracted and the carbons are shortunattracted position, is closed against a seccircuited. Thus all the lamps of one group 0nd contact-piece and completes a short cirwill be immediately brought into operation. cuit around the arc. When it is desired to bring the idle group The desirability 'of providing some means into operation, the direction of the current in 0 for accomplishing the result described is obthe circuit is reversed. The short-circuits 8o vious. Itis customary to arrange the circuits around the carbons of the second group of of a lamp so that the positive carbon is the lamps are thus opened, while the carbons of upper one of the pair, and since in that case the first group become short-cir'cuited. the rate of consumption of the lower carbon Having thus generally described myinven- 5 is only one-half that of the upper carbon protion, I will now proceed to describe it in 8 vision is made for a lower carbon of about greater detail with reference to the accomone-half the length of the upper one. If now panying drawings, Figures 1 and 2, which are the direction of the current be reversed, the illustrative thereof. v lower carbon will be consumed and the clamps I shall indicate parts by letters of reference,

40 destroyed. similar parts being designated by similar let- To accomplish the second result I connect ters of reference. two such lamps in series, preferably in re- In Fig.1 I have shown diagrammatically verse order, and arrange the magnets of the two are lamps A B, of well-known form, inmechanisn of each in such relation to those of cluded in series in reverse order in the circuit .5 the other that when a current is sent through I of a dynamo C. Included also in the circuit 5 both in a given direction the carbons of one between the dynamo and the lamps is a relamp shall be short-circuited, while those of versing-switch D, by which the direction of the other shall be left not shunted. Thus the current throughthe circuit may be rewhen the current traverses the two lamps versed at pleasure. I have shown the polar- 50 the short-circuiting contacts of one lamp are ized amatures as adapted to be acted upon Ioo by the lifting-magnets-that is, those electromagnets which serve to initially separate the carbons to form the arc.

Referring to lamp A, Fig. l, E is an electromagnet included in the main circuit of the lamp. F is an electromagnet of high resistance connected in shunt of the arc. The electromaguet E is furnished with an arrna ture 9, attached to the lever 7L, which is pivoted at one end to the frame A and is linked at the other end to the rocking lever t'. The electromagnet F, or the feed-magnet is furnished with an armature 71?, attached to the bell-crank lever Z, which is pivoted at its an gle m to the frame A. That arm of lever Z which carries armature 7c is provided with a lug and pivot n, which serves as the fulcrum for rocking lever i. The other arm of lever Z is pressed toward the frame of the lamp by a spring 0. The other end of the rocking lever t' is linked to the lever p, which is pivoted atone end to the frame A and to the other end of which the clutch q is hung. The carbonrod 0' passes vertically through the clutch q and carries at its lower end the carbon .9, one of the pair 3 s.

The lamps are provided with automatic cutouts of ordinary form. Fixed to the lever 12 is an insulated contact-piece, which, when the lamp is idle, rests upon a corresponding contact-anvil fixed upon, but insulated from, the floor of the lamp. \Vhen these pieces are thus closed together, they complete a shunt through a resistance between the poles of the lamp.

Below the lifting-magnet E, I have shown a polarized bar '6 pivoted at one end of the frame and having its other end adapted to be attracted to the electromagnet, when the magnetization is in the right direction in relation to that of the permanent magnet t. The bar t carries at its movable end the contact-piece it, which, when the bar is unattracted, rests upon the contact-anvil w.

The coils of the magnets E E are wound in the same direction and the magnets t t are magnetized in the same direction. The bottoms of the lamps are shown connected together. Hence when the current is through both lamps thelifting'magnets are magnetized in opposite directions, and hence one armature t or t is attracted and the other remains uninfluenced. The magnets t and t are preferably so magnetized that that lamp in which the positive carbon is the upper one shall burn.

The operation of the lamps shown will be readily understood. In their idle condition the carbons rest together. hen the current first traverses the lamps the armatu res g g are attracted to the electromagnets E E. The

motion of the armatnres is communicated through the systems of levers 7L h, 2'71, and p p to the clutches q g, which are raised, and as they are raised clamp upon the rods 4' r and separate the carbons. At the same time the magnetE attracts its armaturetan d opens the short circuit around the carbons of lamp A, and an arc is formed between them. The armature If, however, is not attracted, and hence no arc is formed between the carbons of that lamp and no current passes through its shunt-magnet.

As the resistance of the are at lam p A in creases, more current passes through feedmagnet F. The armature 7r; is attracted in op position to the spring 0 and lowers the fulcrn m of rocking lever '2', and consequently the clutch and carbon rod. \Vhen the resistance of the are becomes sufficiently great,,the magnet ll draws down its armature until the bottom of clutch q touches the lioor ot' the lamp, when the jaws of the clutch open slightly and allow the carbon-rod and carbon to descend a slight distance. The are is brought to its normal length and normal resistance and the system of levers resume their normal positions. \Vhen at the proper time the direction of the current in the circuit is reversed, the armaturct remains unattracted and the shunt-circuit,

which it governs, closed, and the carbons ot' lamp A are out of circuit. Armature 6, however, is attracted and lamp 1% burns as lamp A had previously.

In Fig. 2 I have shown a view of a liftingmagnet detached from the lamp-tralne, provided with its usual armature and liftinglever and with a form of polarized armature which I have found well adapted to use in lamps of this class. The wire is wound upon the core 0). The pieces w to serve as polepieces to conduct the lines of force to the an mature g. Armaturelever 7?. is partly shown. The magnet t is pivoted at to the frame oi the lamp and is placed in electrical connection with the circuit at the point of entering the carbou-rod by a flexible connection. An adjustable insulated contact in electrical connection with the bottom of the lamp is so placed that a contact on the bar '6 shall rest against it when the bar is in its alternate position.

I have sometimes placed the contact-piece e in such relations to the magnet t that when the magnet was attracted, or, in the arrange. ment shown in Fig. 2, when it was thrown to the other side, it should operate to close :1 shunt around the are. This may be in some cases preferable, but such a variation evidently does not depart from the substance of my invention.

Although it is for obvious reasons preterable it is still not necessary to connect the two lamps of a pair in reverse order that is, to connect the lower carbons together. It the two lamps were included in series in the ordinary manner one of the coils of that BlGOiLl'O- magnet which governs the polarized armature might be wound in the opposite direction to the other, or one of the armatures might be polarized in the opposite direction to the other.

I do not limit myself to the employment of the armature t in connection with the main lifting-magnet of an arc lamp. I have sometimes employed an auxiliary magnet included in the main circuit to ehtect the same general result, or a magnet in shunt of the are or of a resistance included in the main circuit might be similarly employed.

It will be seen that the cut-out circuits do not form any part of my invention nor take any part in the operation of the lamp. Other forms of cut-out might be applied to these lamps, or the cut-out might be omitted altogether.

It is obvious that my invention might be applied to many other forms of arc lamps. WVith the exercise of ordinary skill one familiar with the art to which my invention pertains could adapt it to any form of arc lamp known in the art.

Having thus fully described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patentl. The combination with two are lamps, of an electro-magnet and a polarized armature therefor provided in connection with each of said lamps, a pair of contacts controlled by each of said armatures for cutting the respective lamps into and out of circuit, said electro-magnets being wound relatively to their respective polarized armatures so that current in one direction will actuate one of said armatures to cut one lamp into circuit, while current in. the opposite direction will actuate the second armature to cut the second lamp into circuit.

2. The combination of two are lamps connected in series in reverse order, in an electric circuit, each provided with, included in the main circuit or in a branch circuit therefrom, an electro magnet having a permanently polarized armature adapted to assume one of two positions, in accordance with the magnetic relation of the polarized armature to the electro magnet, which polarized armature is provided with contacts adapted to be closed when the armature is in one of its positions, and when closed to complete a short circuit around the carbons of its lamp, and each lamp having the relation of the magnetizations of its electro magnet and polarized armature so arranged with reference to the other lamp that a current through both lamps shall cause the carbons of one lamp to be short circuited,

as and for the purpose described.

8. The combination with two are lamps connected in series in an electric circuit, of an electro-magnet and polarized armature therefor provided in connection with each of said lamps, a pair of contacts controlled by each of said armatures adapted when in contact to close a short circuit about the carbons of the lamp to which said contacts belong, said electro-magnets being wound relatively to their respective armatures so that current in one direction will actuate one of said armatures to open the contacts controlled thereby and thus cut the carbons of the lamp into circuit, while the current in the opposite direction will actuate the second armature to cut the second lamp into circuit.

In witness whereof I hereunto subscribe my name this 3d day of March, A. D. 1891.

CHARLES E. SCRIBNER.

Witnesses:

ELLA EDLER, GEORGE L. CRAGG. 

